Current Business Research Project Essays - Conformity,

The world is disorderly. We need structure so as to comprehend it. Culture is the thing that causes us to sort out our reality and to realize how to react to it. We figure out how to identify with others and how to react to our condition from our companions and family members, our educators and through perception. Individuals who originate from various societies may have lived in various pieces of the world and have encountered various social orders or taken an interest in various establishments (for instance, schools or enterprises). They are probably going to have learned various qualities, convictions, practices, desires and standards than you have. Given the development of global travel and business, a significant number of your clients will have learned various methods of reacting to their condition or identifying with others. These social contrasts may prevent your capacity to utilize the board methods that are successful for a particular culture. Compelling administration requ ires amazing correspondence and a comprehension of your workers and clients. The bigger the shared view you have with your representatives or clients, the more probable it is for you to be powerful - the more noteworthy the distinction, the more prominent the possibility for misconception. The target of this article is to build your capacity to comprehend and work with individuals who might be socially unique in relation to you. The investigation of social qualities causes us to comprehend our association with the goal that we can all the more likely comprehend different associations and brought together funds. This prompts the advancement of shared qualities, convictions and standards that will enable worldwide firms to accomplish an upper hand. By differentiating our convictions, standards and qualities to those of others we can more readily comprehend why somebody may be accomplishing something in an unexpected way. We analyze our own particular manner of reasoning and quest for shared traits. The qualities in the article give a superior comprehension of individual laborers, the individuals dealt with, the clients and the individuals who will oversee you. This article utilized optional information to investigate their data. Instances of sources utilized for this article are private and establishment databases, city and area governments, reconnaissance information from state government projects, and Federal office measurements. This article researches the national determinants of large scale budgetary structures and expresses their situating in the accompanying way: ?for what reason do nations ... vary in the structure of budgetary intermediation, some depending on banks more while others depending more on business sectors? No doubt such contrasts among nations might be identified with the legitimate, social, and other such national attributes, however these national qualities as have been generally disregarded in the writing. Markets go about as operators of progress. Markets and market conduct are a piece of the way of life. Markets are continually changing in accordance with social requests. Reference REUTER, C. J. (2011). An overview of 'culture and account'. Account, 32(1), 75-152. Recovered from BSCOhost.

Citrobacter freundii Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Citrobacter freundii - Lab Report Example The plates were set in a hatchery and developed while watching the morphology. A Gram stain was performed on the obscure close by quality control microbes. The gram response was watched and recorded and explicit biochemical tests performed. Given the response gave out a gram negative bar, the primary test performed was oxidase test. Different tests performed are recorded in the table found in the outcomes area. After all the differential tests were played out, the outcomes indicated that the personality of obscure microorganism was citrobacter freundii. The outcomes were analyzed against the class outline demonstrating the groupings of the microorganisms. The assurance that the obscure life form was gram negative pole started utilization of TSA inclination to vaccinate different tests, Oxidase test, BCP lactose, Indole test, Citrate test, Motility test (Fraser, 76). All the outcomes were very much worked out for the tests with the exception of the citrate test which gave a bogus negative outcomes. The mistake was noted given that, for this test, the outcome was conflicting with different tests. The test was rehashed and had the option to give a positive outcome. Taking everything into account, the obscure life form was seen as Citrobacter freundii, following a progression of ends produced using the tests. Citrobacter freundii is in the Enterobacteriaceae family and are gram-negative bacilli (Fraser p. 20). It is typically found in sewage and intestinal tract of creatures and people. It can make sickness its

Lessons I Learned from a Suicidal Arsonist

Lessons I Learned from a Suicidal Arsonist On Friday, September 26, I set out to travel from New York City back home to Madison. I dutifully arose at 4:00 a.m. to meet a car service, arriving at the airport with plenty of time to spare. Boarding went smoothly and we left the gate. I looked forward to a 10:36 a.m. landing in my hometown after 3 days at a conference in Denver and a week with my family and friends. I had wonderful plans for Friday evening and Saturday. Then the announcement came: There has been a fire in the Chicago air traffic control tower. All flights in and out of Chicago have been delayed. The guy across the aisle from me began cursing and waving his fists around. I resolved to take the news better than he was taking it. After calling United twice and spending an hour on hold, I managed to get rebooked through Atlanta. But when I landed in Atlanta there were three voice mail messages advising me that my flight to Madison had been cancelled, and one informing me that I had been rebooked on a flight the next day through Washington D.C. I would, if all went as re-planned, arrive in Madison at 9:12 p.m. Saturday night. The punch line is, I made it home. But there’s more. Throughout this adventure, I learned or was reminded of some valuable life lessons. Here are some of them: One person can truly make a difference. That guy Brian Howard who set a fire in the Chicago air traffic control tower was one single man who managed to paralyze air travel across the country for two days. I’m guessing he also affected security measures at air traffic control towers throughout the world. Yet so many of us sit around thinking we can’t make a difference. What are the extreme positive acts you could take to change something you want to change? Surrender to what’s so. When faced with the prospect of spending the night in Atlanta, I was not thrilled. But since all flights to Madison, Milwaukee, Chicago and pretty much all areas surrounding were cancelled, I decided the best plan was to surrender. I got on a line for customer service, hoping there might be a hotel voucher for me if Atlanta was my only overnight option. An hour later I was at the counter, having had some lovely conversations with other stranded travelers, and discovered that there were no more hotel vouchers remaining, and that my flight to D.C. was that very night. Suddenly I had a new reality before me, and I accepted that one too. It’s amazing how much my stress level went down when I dealt with what was so instead of wishing it were another way! It’s good to have friends everywhere. Through a combination of college connections and my dance community, as well as other life adventures, I have built a network of friends and family in almost every major U.S. city (and some overseas cities as well). Drop me in New York, San Francisco, Chicago, Philadelphia, Austin, Tucson or Tel Aviv, and I will have a friendly place to lay my head. When I discovered I would be in Washington, D.C. for a night, I started calling friends, one of whom, my college buddy Sara, was happy to put me up for the night. I had not seen her in about 10 years, so it was a great treat to spend unexpected time with her. Not only that, but she had kale in her fridge, a blender, and a free pass to her gym which we used to attend a class together Saturday morning. Saturday afternoon we swam together in an outdoor pool, well after any such pool in Madison would ever be open. I also saw a high school football game that was highlighted on Fox 5 Friday night! I was well taken care of. And I got on a deep l evel that I have led my life well to be able to call on so many people to help. Of course I would do the same for all of them. Talk to strangers. In the customer support line and on various airplanes Friday and Saturday, I met some other waylaid travelers. It was good to connect with humanity. They put my situation in perspective, and helped me out by watching my bag while I went to plug in my phone, whose battery was on its last legs. One woman guided me where I needed to go in D.C. to get to the suburban Metro stop where I met my college friend Sara. I noticed I felt fairly upbeat given the monkey wrench that had been thrown into my life, and on one of my plane rides I identified why: I was talking to strangers! In an article I read on the plane in Success (which is quickly becoming my favorite magazine), I discovered that a social science study by researcher and professor at Harvard Business School, Michael Norton, Ph.D., showed that “talking with strangers can be at least as important to our daily happiness as talking to our close friends and family.” Norton confirmed this to be true regardless of personality type. I know it is true for me! I always feel more energized when I connect with the people around me than when I retreat into my shell. On Saturday night my flight departed from D.C. on time and landed in Madison 30 minutes early. My housesitter Mariah picked me up and drove me home, where I arrived fairly exhausted yet grateful. I slept well that night, knowing that I am well-loved, resourceful, connected, and able to handle the challenges that one suicidal arsonist  threw in my direction.

The Role Of Tourism In Economic Development - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2411 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Problems Essay Did you like this example? All sectors of the economy play an important role in making a stable and long running development. Tourism is one of the sectors which plays an important role in development and also generates foreign revenues. This sector is peaceful and reflects the nature and beauty of the country. It helps people of far flung areas to promote their culture and norms, it also provide opportunity to country to make a better image around the world. There are many issues this sector is facing nowadays and the popularity of this sector is sliding down day by day means that people is not ready to make tours because of many problems and threats to security and life. Several studies and researches have been conducted on this tourism and its relation to development of economy and also that how can we promote this sector? How can we create better image to world and also what measures we can use to maximize the development? Michael Hitchcock (2004) had explained that tourism and culture ha ve a deep relation. Culture is based on originality, authority, authenticity and many more. Tourists are attracted by such types of factors, he says that invest and reinvest is not modernization and its the human culture that remain there for a long time. Tradition is invested and process goes on its known as constructivist. Cultural transmission is not an authentic option, reproduction is not renew it have its own originality. We should make a clear difference in between the reproduction and originality. In order to save the cultural heritage and to attract tourists he says that culture should bi neat and original. Mohamed Tangi (1977) had conducted a research that Mediterranean handles one-third of world tourism that has damaged the environment of that region due to many factors. He says that Greece, Spain, Cyprus these countries are visited more and the environment is quite hurt for dense tourism to these areas. The natural sites are reduced due to excessive construction for t ourists and visitors. Tourism and environment are two parallels that move together, tourism mainly depends on environment along other factors, world is facing huge and fast rising in pollution as more tourism is rising in world. Environment can be man-made, natural or cultural in nature, all have effects on tourism and vice versa, cultural environment includes art, religion and human relations, which can be effected or disturbed by tourism. The countries which are rich in these factors can attract more tourists to their region; tourists may introduce new ways or styles to the places, which can be waste or injurious to the visited destination. He explained few alternative strategies or development policies to promote tourism to the region. It includes the land use planning, expand and construct islands, holidays and pricing policy, facilities to tourists, anti-pollution and policies, training and information to locals, rules and codes of conduct. Using these and promoting these strat egies country can raise its tourism level and also promote development in the region. Tourism will be based on co-operation and planning in the future world, united nation environmental program and world tourism organization both are working and have to play an active role in tourism promotion and protection. Barry Liddle (1989) had explained that tourism is helpful for local government to have a better economy and development. Presently it is the leading sector of the world and it will be stronger in future. Tourism can be of many types i.e. for leisure, work and business or for any purpose. Here industrial tourism is important type of tourism that can generate much information and knowledge. It further has an option that modern industrial tourism means that companies choose a day and at that day they arrange a proper tour to their company or exhibition. They also provide the full tourists facilities to visitors, so to make them feel comfortable. The industrial tours can be upda ted to local and national level to boost the economy, audit, local, central government and different councils should step in to make this type of tourism better and popular. Erik Cohen (1984) had made a research that there are not much empirical studies in tourism economy, so this is required as we are moving into new and fast world. There are four main principles in tourism i.e. tourist that based upon his motivations, attitudes, role and reaction in response to others actions, the ideas, thinking and relationship of the locals and tourist matters in this sector, the structure and infrastructure of tourism system is an important part that can help it to flourish, the better the system the better will be the outcomes and economic and social impact from tourism to visited destinations. Tourism is based on culture that helps this industry to develop and become a helping hand to economy. More empirical study is needed to merge it with theory and provide world more information about this sector in a systematic way. Amanda Stonza (2001) has explained in the article that tourism is mainly divided into two parts i.e. origins of tourism and impacts of tourism and the main problem is that tourism origins is only concerned with tourists and foreigners, while the impacts are only related to local public. The two halves provide different meaning and together they also only provide partial meanings not full, so origins of tourism should include the local public that how they can attract tourists? How they can promote the tourism in their region? Same is the case with the impacts of tourism; it should include the tourists who are willing to visit the particular places in world. What are the changes that have occurred in tourist after the trip? Origins and impacts both should be positive then the countrys social, cultural and economical conditions will be develop and their tourism sector will grow in a positive manner. Janette Deacon (2006) explains tourism as an im portant sector of economy and also throws light on not so important type of tourism i.e. rock art conversation. This type of tourism is known as cultural or heritage tourism, cultural or heritage sites are main reasons behind the tourism in most Asian nations like China, India, Pakistan and SriLanka. Rock art conversation is famous in African nations, this tourism is in Africa but its not on large scale. Many ways are discussed to promote rock art conversation tourism so we can save it for vanishing from world. Factors that promote all types of tourism including this rock art conversation is training, skills, education guidelines, security, interests, attractions and many more. These factors will help tourism economy to expand that can create a better image of countrys tourism sector around the globe. International council on monuments and sites and international cultural tourism charter are two major sources to save and promote rock art conversation in tourism sector. Agha Iqrar Haroon (2002) had explained that sustainable tourism can be achieved by working together with the local public sites that can be visited. Ecotourism in Pakistan is not working in a proper manner and Pakistan is not even near to sustainable tourism. In the northern areas 70% of economy is in hands of big businessmen that belong to other provinces and only 30% are in hands of local public. This local public has to survive on daily basis wages and all this is due to big businessmen have share of 70% from revenues and they also have support of tourism companies and government either local or federal. Local public is ignored in framing the policies and sharing the generated revenues, the big businessmen can provide imported facilities to foreigners that the locals are failed to do so. These acts have a negative impact on the employment and on living and earnings of local public of those northerner areas, so government should take few daring steps to save the public from exploitation fro m these wealthy investors. Government can invest in these areas, can ensure participation , secure future of local public, share more revenues to locals, heavy tax should be imposed on wealthy businessmen, irrelevant construction should be discouraged, local goods should be used that will generate profits and employment in region, training and guidance to public of concerned area. By doing all these actions our northern areas can be a top place to visit and Pakistan can achieve a sustainable and healthy development in tourism sector. Dean Maccannell (2002) says that tourism is faster growing sector and it has relations to the non-economic factors. Ego factor counts a lot in tourism that personal behavior about tourism and travel, tourism is dependent on the classical and touristy experimental commodity. Ownership and attraction are non-economic factors in tourism or travel, tourism can promote opportunity, preservation and care of cultural heritage will promote tourism and theses are the main factors along the other factors that help to make a stable growth in this fast expanding sector. In short the human ego and the attractions to tourist sites are important factor for development of tourism economy of any country. Yoel Mansfeld (1994) conducted a survey on the tourism in Middle East and what are the major factors that have reduced the tourism to the region of world? In 1980s average growth rate of world for tourism is 6.2% and for Middle East it is 5.9% approx. Turkey and Greece also suffers from the conflict in Middle East between Israel and Palestine. Author also explains that international tourism is main source for developing countries to generate revenues, boost economy, creates jobs and much more. All these things will help them develop and achieve stability. Security situation has a huge impact on tourism around the globe and especially in Middle East that how much Israel suffered? How much other Arab and non-Arab nations have to face decline i n their tourism? War or conflict between the Arabs and Israel is major threat to tourism in Middle East. Spill over effects are major in world tourism that if one country suffers from security threats her neighbor will also have to face the consequences being a neighbor. Spill over effects will determine their market strategies it means that how well you handle the pressure which is upon you due to disturbance in your neighbor country to save tourism industry of your country? Nowadays terrorism is main threat to world and especially in Middle East as the war is on in that region. So world have to sit together to find a safe and easy solution to this security threats and terrorism to save the tourism industry. Peter Murphy et al. (1989) along with his partner conducted a research that tourism is indirectly related to natural disasters, but this combination is rarely seen in world. Recently the two such cases are occurred one at Mount St. Helen eruptions in 1980 and the second is E ast Kootenay forest fires in 1985. These two areas are hit by natural calamity and that also effects the tourism ratio in these regions. In first case 30% decline is showed and in second case millions of dollars loss is shown. Along the natural calamity the man-made disasters also are common in world i.e. terrorism and other security threats to world tourism, the event of hijacking of Achille Lauro in 1985 have effected the tourism in Mediterranean region. Disaster planning have for main stages i.e. assessment, warning, impact and recovery, impact and recovery are two main stages that have more effects on tourism. Media coverage plays an important role that how media will post image to world? If the coverage is positive then recovery will be faster and if the coverage is negative then problem grows double and tourism will be badly disturbed. So nation should always be prepare for disasters and disaster management authorities should be at standby to handle the problem and also can sa ve tourism industry. Eric Neumayer (2004) used the fix effects panel estimators and dynamic generalized method in this research on small sample size of countries to find the effects of tourism. His main focus is on political violence and other acts that can effect the tourism economy. Tourists always look and prefer the safe sites for tour and they are not ready to take risk for enjoyment. Democratic regimes are more successful in handling the violence pressure and autocratic regimes are not able to cope with the violence that can harm tourism sector. Hall (2004) says that political stability and safety are prerequisites for a healthy tourism in country, the world faced a downstream in tourism economy since 2000-01 and developing countries are more effected, whereas Europe and U.S.A is still the most visited place in world. Terrorism in Greece, Turkey and conflict in between Egypt, Israel, Lebanon and others have a negative impact on tourism. Other nations of the region is also e ffected by the disturbance in region, they are facing a decline in tourism sector. As told above that developing nations are more hurt from this political violence and security threats to tourism sector, it took them years to correct their image in front of world. Huge loss in foreign revenues and decline in their gross domestic product is hurting them badly. So few steps are requires to save this peaceful sector from violence and disturbance. Dinah Payne et al. (1996) creates an ethical model for tourism industry that it is the largest and fastest growing industry in the world; it contributes much to GDP of country. Local community and environment is mostly kept outside from planning and management around the world. Local public should be included in the decision making and then it will helpful to all other factors in the tourism industry i.e. justice, integrity, competence and utility are the four main pillars that can help to create codes of ethics. Ethics is required in touri sm sector to make it move at smooth pace and this is basic factor that is helpful in tourism. Research shows the absence of ethics from the tourism industry, environment, community tourists and employees are the main factors that are required to enhance them more in tourism sector. The more will be the ethics the more will be the public and tourists interaction. Few suggestions are that local public should not be ignored, they should be more hospitable to tourists, they must save environment from destruction and list goes on. Codes should be followed in nice manner and that will be beneficial for the public and to tourism sector of country. So this ethics is much needed factor today in tourism industry to make it more attractive and peaceful. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Role Of Tourism In Economic Development" essay for you Create order

Water Is An Essential Part Of Human Lives - 838 Words

Water is an essential part of human lives. People not only need water for consumption, but also utilize it daily in several ways; this includes bathing, washing, sewage/waste, watering outdoors, etc. Water is essentially everywhere. Although access to water in the United States often seems so simple and easy, water is not always in the form people see coming out of the faucet. There are a variety of water sources on the Earth. Although from several sources, water has a distinguished cycle on the planet. Examining the water cycle and the sources of water on the earth can help bring a better understanding of water usage and available resources. According to the NASA Earth Observation, over 75% of the Earth’s surface is made up of water (Graham, Parkinson, Chahine, 2010). The Earth’s total water content is roughly 1.39 billion cubic kilometers, or 331 million cubic miles (Graham et al., 2010). As seen in Figure 1, there are a variety of categories the Earth’s water can be broken up into. Over 96% of the Earth’s water is made up of the five oceans (Graham et al., 2010). When examining water simply in terms of freshwater, most of the reservoir comes from glaciers and ice caps. By examining these percentages, a greater knowledge of the Earth’s total water supply can be gained. These percentages can also be factored into the water cycle to better understand how water rotates through the Earth and the atmosphere. The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describesShow MoreRelatedA Study On A Drop Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscuss the ten main uses that humans have for water. The ten main uses that humans have water for are as following: 1. Domestic- this is one of the main uses of water. Such as drinking water, washing clothes, dishes, cars, bathing, preparing your food, brushing your teeth, flushing the toilet, etc. It is estimated that 15% of worldwide water use is for household purposes. 2. Agricultural- water is used for the growing of our foods. Much of our fresh water is also used outdoors for wateringRead MoreWhy We Need Light And Water1528 Words   |  7 PagesHave you ever wondered why light and water are essential for our survival? Presented here are some key examples of why we need light and water to survive. Without these essential elements, life on earth would cease to exist. We can see just how vital water and light are to our Survival by looking at the structures of plants and properties of water. Water, H2O, is very important since it covers more than 75%Read MoreMarine Biomes1037 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, (2010), the habitats of a marine biome varies depending on the level of the sea that it exists (pp.382). The layers or â€Å"zones† that make up the marine biome consist of the pelagic realm, the intertidal zone, the photic zone, the aphotic zone, and the benthic realm. The pelagic realm is the part of the marine biome that includes all open water. (Dickey, Reece, Simon, 2010) explains â€Å"the intertidal zone is the part where the ocean surfaceRead MoreWhat Makes A World Without Water?1399 Words   |  6 PagesA World without Water: Imagine on earth without water, life without water we find it every way; in the atmosphere and below our feet three quarters of the earth’s surface is covered by this essential liquid. It’s a difficult thing to imagine in life without water, because our own survival depends on it; in fact water is vital to the existence of all forms of life on earth. Water or H2O, is an unusual compound with amazing properties, these unique properties are what make it so important to life.Read MoreThe Ecosystem Of An Ecosystem847 Words   |  4 Pagesinterdependence between human lives and nature. The procedure of the ecosystem results in products that we need and use every day. By allowing the ecosystem to na turally advance, humans can gain great advantages for their daily lives (Goldman, 2010). Because the ecosystem is such a vital part of human lives, it is our obligation to maintain and protect it in any which way possible. By properly maintaining our environment, we can truly enjoy and appreciate the beautiful world we live in. Not only doesRead MoreThe Environment Of The Oceans1438 Words   |  6 PagesIt’s impossible to get it out† (Ellingwood). The public and the government continues to deny this statistic, as they claim it is too expensive to clean up the oceans. However such people take the ocean for granted. It is essential for them to realize that the ocean is an important part of our ecosystem, and therefore impacts all of humanity. Furthermore, not only do people harm themselves, but due to their carelessness, ignore the life of the marine creatures as well. Personal responsibility should notRead MoreIt Is Very True That Human Beings Are The Most Intelligent1413 Words   |  6 PagesIt is very true that human beings are the most intelligent creatures in our planet, we can create things that make life easier, but in return we are the creatures that destroy what is essential for future generations such as the environment. At this time, the population has water, electricity, transportat ion and all kinds of devices that make everyday life good. However, all these advances generate negative effects on the environment and these effects forms the fundamental idea of environmental pollutionRead MoreNitrogen, Carbon and Phosphorus Cycles Essay866 Words   |  4 Pagesbasic way. First, carbon is taken from carbon dioxide found in the air. Plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and use it, combined with water they get from the soil, to make substances they need for growth. The carbon is then mixed with water. Carbon dioxide is then formed into sugar (glucose). The process of photosynthesis incorporates the carbon atoms from carbon dioxide into sugars. Animals attain carbon by feeding on plants and otherRead MoreAir And Water Pollution Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pages Air and water pollution is one of the biggest problems the environment faces today. It is one of the highest leading cause of death. Air and water pollution has been affecting the environment for many years causing many diseases among people especially children. I will study and examine the early childhood growth between two countries which are Australia and Tanzania. I will discuss how clean and polluted their air and water is for each country. Their access to clean water. I will also explainRead MoreA Brief Explanation On The Importance Of Clean Water1170 Words   |  5 Pagesimportance of clean water is illustrated. Proceeding with descriptions of water pollution and reasoning’s demonstrating why it is presently a common issue in the United States. Understanding how the quality of the environment becomes affected from poor water quality is imperative to know and is proven throughout the paper. The paper slightly touches on the growth of human population and technology ad vancement, which are two main factors that contribute to the increase of water pollution. Understanding

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Is Gawain and Epitome Free Essays

Every group has its idols, those people who serve as the epitome of the group’s values. Cowboys look up to Lane Frost, basketball players look up to Michael Jordan, and Arthurian knights look up to King Arthur. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, one of the greatest Arthurian romances written in England, Gawain, King Arthur’s nephew, takes on a challenge to exchange â€Å"one strike for another† with the Green Knight (line 287). We will write a custom essay sample on Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Is Gawain and Epitome? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite all of the bad experiences and temptations he fights along the way, after the battle with the Green Knight, Sir Gawain is definitely still admirable as the epitome of the Arthurian Knight as he wears a green girdle in remembrance of his mistakes(Sir Gawain). Gawain believes in a chivalric code, in which is very admirable. Gawain is a young knight who knows the chivalric code well, and knows that he is supposed to exhibit, as the Duke of Burgundy say’s â€Å"faith, charity, justice, sagacity, prudence, temperance, resolution, truth, liberality, diligence, hope, and valor†(Knight’s code of Chivalry). These can be summed up to the most admirable rules of the chivalric code: honor, loyalty and Christianity. Gawain is admirable for these qualities in which he possesses. He shows loyalty to both his earthly kings and heavenly king. The knights are â€Å"renowned after the name of Christ† and â€Å"their king [is] most high in pride (Sir Gawain, 52). He must honor his uncle, King Arthur, his host, and God, in everything he does. Gawain shows his loyalty towards King Arthur by taking the challenge made by the Green Knight. Gawain tells Author that he will take the battle because, â€Å"[he] [is] the weakest [†¦] and the least loss, if [he] live[s] not† (Sir Gawain, lines 354-55). He is so loyal toward the king that he is willing to sacrifice his own life for his uncle, because his uncle would be a much bigger loss. Gawain honors his uncle by not giving up; this would have disappointed his uncle tremendously because as a part of the chivalric code, it is a knight’s duty to be truthful. He shows loyalty to both his uncle and the Green Knight when he honors the Green Knights wish for him to meet him at the â€Å"Green Chapel† on New Year’s morning for â€Å"a nimble knock in return† (Sir Gawain,lines451-453). Gawain’s loyalty to King Arthur also extends to his behavior toward his host. Everyday Gawain is to exchange with the host whatever he received from that day. When Gawain tells the host, â€Å"while I remain in your mansion, your command I will obey,† he shows extreme honor towards the host (Sir Gawain, line 1093). Along with his loyalty to his host and earthly lord, he puts his faith in God as he prays to the Virgin Mary. â€Å"When Gawain sets out on his journey to find the Green Chapel, he finds himself lost, and only after praying to the Virgin Mary does he find his way† (â€Å"Sir Gawain†). By praying during hard times such as when he needed lodging, and when â€Å"†¦he doffed his helm, and with honor he thanked Jesus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  for giving him lodging, he shows his honor and faithfulness to God (Sir Gawain, line 773). Every choice Gawain makes exemplifies his effort in staying true to the code of chivalry. Gawain is admirable for never giving up. He succeeds at passing the trials that test his devotion and faith in Christianity. One critic of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight characterizes nature as â€Å"rough and indifferent† and states that, nature invades and disrupts order in the major events of the narrative† (â€Å"Sir Gawain†). This nature includes both the nature such as wildlife and nature such as Mother Nature. Along the way to his appointment with the Green knight, Gawain encountered many harsh occasions where he could have just given up. He faces harsh conditions such as, wars with worms, wolves, wood- trolls, bulls, bears, boars, and ogres (Sir Gawain, lines 720-23). It later goes on to mention that â€Å"death had met often† (Sir Gawain, line 725). Things will get a lot worse before they get better for Gawain, in this situation. Gawain is in a constant battle, but he refuses to give in, knowing that even after all of these cruel catastrophes, he still has to meet with the Green Knight. This is extreme loyalty, for him to keep going without lodging, all by himself, and in the cold weather (Sir Gawain, lines 712-735). Nature! (â€Å"Sir Gawain†). In this case Mother Nature causes the problems that Gawain must face. Even after all of the mishaps invented by nature along the way, Gawain still must take on more mishaps as he is overcome by Bertilak’s wife and her seductiveness. It is only nature for a guy, especially a single guy, to lust for a seductive woman when she is constantly â€Å"tempting him often, so as to allure him to love-making. † (Sir Gawain, lines 1550-51). Each day when the host’s wife comes in his bed room and kisses him, Gawain remains loyal to the host by giving him the kisses in return for what the host had killed that day (â€Å"Sir Gawain†). By pushing through the nature, bad weather, lonely trip, and temptations of the host’s wife, Gawain is admirable for never giving up as well as remaining loyal to his host. Gawain’s response to all of the mishaps along the way to meet the Green Knight and when he does meet with him is incredibly admirable. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Gawain struggle’s â€Å"to meet the appointment and his adventures along the way demonstrate [his] spirit of chivalry and loyalty. † (â€Å"Sir Gawain†). Consequently, he fails this test of loyalty, honesty, Christianity, and chivalry as a whole, when he takes the girdle and doesn’t give it to the host. He â€Å"values survival over virtue† (â€Å"Sir Gawain†). The knight tells Gawain, â€Å"As a pearl than white pease is prized more highly, / so is Gawain, in good faith, than other gallant knights,/ but in this you lacked, sir, a little, and of loyalty came short†(Sir Gawain lines 2365-67). Gawain has made this long trip to meet the Green Knight, been through many near death experiences, has been kissing his host’s wife, and when he is offered a girdle that will prevent him from being killed, nature kicks in again; this time causing him to fail the test of his loyalty to his host or Green Knight. He takes the girdle like any man would do and does not give it to the host. By doing this he values survival over being an honest and loyal knight. He is also placing his faith in a girdle â€Å"instead of praying to Mary†. (â€Å"Sir Gawain†) As a critic says, â€Å"he employs reason to do something less than courageous—evade death in a dishonest way. † (â€Å"Sir Gawain†) Not only is Gawain failing at being honest, but also at being loyal to both the Green Knight and King Arthur. As a knight, cheating and lying are not acceptable, â€Å"but because [he] loved [his] own life: the less [the Green Knight] blame[d] [him]. (Sir Gawain lines, 2369) As the Green Knight explains to Gawain how everything he had encountered since he had stayed in Bertilak was a test, Gawain adds humility to the chivalric code. He confesses to the knight and returns to him, his wife’s’ girdle. As Kevin Gustavon says, â€Å"Like the Green Knight’s accus ation, Gawain’s subsequent confession draws on penitential language way that rede? nes chivalric masculinity, so that it includes imperfection and fear, as well as a sense of humility that arises from recognition of one’s own weakness rather than from mere politeness. (Gustavon, 628) The Knight forgives Gawain by saying, â€Å"Thou hast confessed thee so clean and acknowledged thine errors, / [†¦] and I give thee, sir, the girdle with gold at its hems/†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢twill be a plain reminder of the chance of the Green Chapel between chivalrous knights. †(Sir Gawain, lines 2394-2400) By confessing, Gawain recognized his weakness and tried to make it right; this helps to exemplify Gawain’s honesty, and adds humility to the chivalric code. Gawain says of the girdle, â€Å"but as a token of my trespass I shall turn to it often†¦ruefully recalling the failure and the frailty of the flesh so perverse. (Sir Gawain lines, 2434-2436) Gawain chooses to w ear the girdle in remembrance of his sins, making him even more admirable for his simplicity, at no point does he try to deny or overlook his mistake; he is very straightforward once the Green Knight tells him of the tests. Gawain is admirable not only to the reader of this story, but also to his brotherhood and everyone at the round table. (Sir Gawain, lines 2517-2518) The people of the round table can now honor Gawain as a knight who has risen to be just as big of an influence as King Arthur. When Gawain returns home to King Arthur, they all decide to wear green girdles like Gawain. Even though Gawain fails, his family, brotherhood, and the ladies of the Round Table still look upon Gawain as the ideal knight. They respect him and honor him, â€Å"and this for love of that knight as a livery [they] wear [a green girdle]:† (Sir Gawain, line 2520). For Gawain to confess and want to wear the girdle for his â€Å"grief and disgrace†, he has made himself an admirable epitome, so that others honor him (â€Å"Sir Gawain†). †¦ Every knight of Brotherhood a baldric should have, / a band of bright green obliquely about him:† (Sir Gawain, lines 2518-2519). After the all of the hardships and meeting with the Green Knight, Sir Gawain is seen as equal to King Arthur by the round table. Gawain is still admirable for: the code he believes in, the code he follows, his ability to never give up on his code, and the way he responds to all of his misfortunes. Bu t, he is admired even more for learning humility. Cowboys continue to look up to Lane Frost even though he might not have always rode 8 seconds, and basketball players look up to Michael Jordan regardless of how many missed shots he had, because each bull ride or basketball game taught them something. Arthurian knights see King Arthur and Sir Gawain as admirable epitomes for the humility that Gawain has learned to carry with him. Works Cited Baswell, Christopher and Schotter, Anne. â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight†. Master of British Literature. Vol. A. Eds. David Damrosch and Kevin J. H. Dettmar. New York: Longman- Pearson, 2008. 144-202. Print. Gustavon, Kevin. â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight†. A companion to medieval English Literature and Culture 1350-1500 . Eds. Peter Brown. (2007): 628. Web. 10 October 2012. http://www. scribd. com/doc/47311463/29/Sir-Gawain-and-the-Green-Knight â€Å"Knights code of Chivalry. † middle-ages. n. p. n. d. Web. 9 October 2012. http://owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/747/08/. â€Å"Sir Gawain. † Arthurian Adventure. n. p. 2004. Web. 9 October 2012. http://arthurianadventure. com/sir_gawain. htm. How to cite Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Is Gawain and Epitome?, Essay examples

Night - the Significance of the Title free essay sample

The Significance of the Title Night, a memoir by Elie Weisel, is about his survival throughout the Holocaust. He speaks about his life before being forced into a concentration camp and the life changing experiences he endured. Elle, along with his parents and sister, were sent to the German concentration camps of Auschwitz and Buchenwald. No more than a few hours after the gruesome Journey towards their first camp, the men and women were separated and without knowing, Elie took his final glance at his mother and ister. Together, him and his father faced an unbearable amount of torment. This changes Elie as a person, which is why the title Night bears a lot of significance. It resembles the dark events in his life that scarred him the most, the effect it had on him, and the change it resulted in. Elie mentions the word night many times in this novel for many different reasons. In the beginning, he did not know what to expect for the future, and had the most time to anticipate what may happen, during the night. It also resembles a very ark and frightening period of time, which is how it felt not knowing where he was headed, since a lot of the transporting was done at night. Also, a lot of events happened during that time, which scarred him for the rest of his life. The night would have dragged on for a very long time with the horrible conditions they were in. In chapter three Elie says: So many events had taken place in Just a few hours that I had completely lost all notion of time. When had we left our homes? One night? One single night? (37;pt. ) This shows that from the beginning, he had endured more in ne night than any human being should ever have to. Also, they were not allowed to carry anything with them so his perception of time quickly began to take place from night to night, based on major events. Another example of this is when Elie begins to wonder: Once more, the last night. The last night at home, the last night in the ghetto, the last night in the cattle car, and, now, the l ast night in Buna. How much longer would our be lived from one last night to the next? (83;pg. 5) This quote very briefly shows how long he suffered, to have been transported so many times. In conclusion, it was the nights that impacted him the most and showed how much he had to endure, to have been one of the few to survive in the end. The title Night is also effective because after all that Elie had been through, it ended up having a major impact on his life. Not only that, but it changed who he was as a person. The first night he arrived at the camp in Birkenau had the most traumatic influence on Wiesel. Even though he expected the worst, no one would ever imagine having to witness live babies being thrown into crematoriums. As a result Elie states: Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, that turned my life since the Holocaust, he can still clearly remember that night and relives each vivid memory every time he tells the story. Each day and experience he lived through, changed who he was. Elie later realizes this, and states: The night had passed completely. The morning star shone in the sky. I too had become a different person. (37;pt. 3) Although his Journey had not long begun, he had already suffered enough to completely change all aspects of his life. Another example of this is when everyone began to care only for their own survival, and as his father could no longer carry on, Elie started losing track of the only hope and faith that had kept him alive. In conclusion, the suffering that Elie encountered each night, at such a young age, had the greatest influenc e on him. At the early age of thirteen, Elie had already formed very strong religious beliefs. During the day he studied the Talmud, which was a teaching of Judaism, and at night he would go to the synagogue to mourn over the destruction of the Temple. Despite his fathers rejections, all he really wanted was a teacher to teach him more about God and His creations. After meeting Moishe the Beadle, Elie expresses his feelings: l told him how unhappy I was not to be able to find in Sighet a master to teach me the Zohar, the Kabbalistic works, the secrets of Jewish mysticism. (5;pt. 1) This shows that he truly believed in God and strived to strengthen his faith by learning and understanding His teachings. Although after only receiving anguish for having prayed for mercy on him and his family, Elie gradually began to realize he no onger had anything to praise God for. As time went on and his surroundings only got worse, his anger towards God also grew: Why, but why would I bless Him? Every fiber in me rebelled. (67;pt. 5) This quote is another important example of how even in such a short period of time, because of all the nights spent in agony; he progressively goes back on all of his beliefs. While others praise and pray before Him, Elie blames God for the fate and betrayal of the Jews. He also thinks that He has punished and abandoned them in their most crucial time of need. Finally, night not only brought physical change to Elies being but also affected every perspective of his life, including emotionally and spiritually. Therefore, the title Night conveys a deeper message because it changes Elie as a person. The overwhelming amount of distress he was faced with during the Holocaust, and his survival was a crucial part of his life that will always be damaged. Night is more than Just the title of a book, it represents the events he survived, the effects it had on him and the inner change that he developed.

Benefits of Honey Essay Sample free essay sample

Specific intent: To inform my audience about the benefits of honey. Cardinal thoughts: Honey is a delightful syrupy sweetening made of course by bees. honey can give benefits to us with are honey is anti-cancer. a natural redress for many complaints and natural tegument attention. Introductionl. The Prophet said: ‘Honey is a redress for every unwellness and the Qur’an is a redress for all unwellness of the head. therefore I recommend to you both redresss. the Qur’an and honey. ( Bukhari ) . ll. I would wish to inform you through my experience honey can give energy. cut down cough. bettering slumber. give healthy tegument and I ever use honey as redresss because it is easy and more effectual. lll. Honey is a fantastic merchandise from nature with of course flavored sugars every bit good as enzymes. minerals. vitamins and aminic acids. A batch of medical facts are embedded inside the honey. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of Honey Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page lV. Today I would wish to portion with you three major point about the benefits of honey with are honey is anti-cancer. a natural redresss for many complaints and natural tegument attention. BodyI. l’ll Begin by stating you honey can encouragements unsusceptibility so honey can move as anti-cancer. A. Honey is rich in antioxidants.a. Natural honey contains more than 90 per centum of effectual substance that an of import portion of these substances are antioxidants. b. Antioxidants are molecules that have ability in pin downing free groups in the organic structure and with this method they prevent malignant neoplastic disease. aging and emphasis. c. Honey is rich in antioxidants such as ascorbic acid. aminic acids and proteins. B. Honey is besides used for alternate malignant neoplastic disease intervention. a. Some phenols found in honey have of import anticancer belongingss. II. Another benefit. honey can utilize as redress for complaints.A. Honey is a phenomenal redress and a great beginning of saccharides. a. So it can supply you with tonss of energy.b. It’s a antic public presentation supporter. and many jocks use honey to assist forestall weariness during any exercising session. c. Glucose that is within the honey is absorbed really rapidly and this provides a existent quick-fix of energy whilst fructose provides a more sustaining energy. B. Honey has been used as a natural attention in first assistance intervention. a. Honey has been used as a natural attention in first assistance intervention for lesions. Burnss and cuts as it is able to absorb wet from the air and promote healing. B. Its antibacterial belongingss prevent infection and maps as an anti-inflammatory agent. cut downing both swelling and hurting and even marking C. Remedies for natural slumber. a. Honey can even be used to assist advance natural slumber.B. The research workers. led by Dr. Herman Avner Cohen of Tel Aviv University. found that among 300 kids whose parents reported problem kiping do to infection-related nighttime coughs. those given honey improved their slumber and reduced their coughing by twice. harmonizing to studies submitted by their parents. III. My last point is honey besides good for your tegument. We can utilize honey as natural tegument attention. A. Honey’s natural antioxidant and anti-microbial belongingss. a. Honey’s natural antioxidant and anti-microbial belongingss help to protect the tegument from the harm of the sun’s rays. supports the skin’s ability to rejuvenate and review depleted tegument. go forthing it experiencing satiny soft and lissome b. Honey absorbs drosss from the pores on the tegument. doing it an ideal cleaning agent. B. Natural ingredients of honey is really rich in foods.a. Natural ingredients of honey is really rich in foods which benefit the tegument every bit good as our wellness. B. It contains healthy vitamins like vitamin B and C. minerals and aminic acids are good for tegument to remain healthy. c. With the wide-ranging of natural tegument attention recipes. it is no admiration that there exists a immense figure of honey merchandises in the market. Decisionl. As you know honey is anti-cancer. honey as natural redresss and suited for natural tegument attention. ll. Besides that. honey can give more benefits to us.lll. Generally. honey is safe for kids and grownups even in big measures. lV. Honey has long been among the top super nutrients used to handle infinite wellness conditions and hike overall wellness. Bibliography Geib. Aurora. ( 2012 ) Honey and its many benefits to overall wellness and health. Retrieved February 3. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. naturalnews. com/037076_honey_health_benefits_natural_sweetener. hypertext markup language Tan. Ruth. ( n. d. ) Honey and skin attention favorite tips! . Retrieved February 3. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //ezinearticles. com/ ? Honey-and-Skin-Care-Favourite-Tips! A ; id=413814 Sahu. Deepika. ( 2012 ) Health benefits of honey. Retrieved February 4. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/2012-12-05/diet/30396852_1_honey-cure-in-first-aid-health-benefits

Maggie the Girl of the Streets and innocence essays

Maggie the Girl of the Streets and innocence essays "Maggie, A Girl of the Streets" by Stephen Crane is an illustration of the morals and views of innocence in the early 1900's. The story chases the young and innocent Maggie into a life of sinfulness. The opinions of all of those around her change during her growth, and express the ideals of life during that time. Innocence is defined as freedom from sin, wrong, or guilt. (Barnhart 413) Many people value innocence as a very respectable virtue to have. The poeple around Maggie in this story have an opinion close to this. Maggie begins her life with little sin, but as she grows older, this ideal begins to weaken. Maggie's relationship with Pete is esentially what begins and pushes her along this path to indecency. Pete is her brother's friend, whom she has liked for many years. He carries with him an air of superiority, and Maggie looks up to his higher social status. Maggie is incredibly happy when Pete finally asks her out. However, at the end of the date, when he asks for a kiss, she refuses. (Crane 25) This refusal shows Maggie's naive nature and how, at this point she is still maintaining her innocence. From here on, however, it is all downhill for Maggie and her innocence. Her change in attitude and demeanor, caused by Pete, affects many people. The way Pete took her out and introduced her to a life of drinking and going out every night, a life of wealthier society than the people around her had, bothered many people. Her brother becomes jealous and shows up at Pete's pub and starts to fight. (Crane 39-41) jimmie, Maggie's brother, believes that Pete has betrayed their friendship and that Pete has ruined his sister. After she met Pete, Maggie also pulled away from her family and stopped living with them. She would very rarely come home. Maggie's mother is also affected by Maggie's changes such as these. Although a drunkard before, Maggie's mother begins to blame her drunkenness and the tr...

SOUTHWEST AIRLINES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SOUTHWEST AIRLINES - Essay Example This in turn led to a correction in the industry’s long-haul pricing structure where at times airlines were forced to offer prices lower that their costs. The deregulation of the airline industry in 1978 has been a failure and the airlines are more like public utilities than ordinary businesses (Roberts, 2008). SWA operated out of Texas and was doing much better than the regulated airlines because of fewer regulations in the state. The industry today is full of uncertainties with airlines merger becoming common. The greatest strength of SWA is its superior asset utilization. Its flight schedule structuring is such that its turnaround is 20 minutes. SWA flies its planes 20 to 30 percent more hours than other major airlines. They have fewer employees per aircraft, fly fewer passengers per employee and have more available seat miles per employee (Pfeffer, 2005). They do not use the standard hub-and-spoke model like most carriers but have the a point-to-point route network and is thus able to minimize the domino effect of flight delays thereby maximizing asset utilization (Kearney, 2008). Another major strength is highly motivated workforce. SWA achieved success not from economies of scale but the airline is known for its very productive, very motivated and unionized workforce (Bacon, 2001). They encourage individuality and they encourage leadership. The employees always come first with the company and the customers a respected second (Miles & Mangold, 2005). A failure is accepted as natural and pardonable at SWA (Bunz & Maes, 1998). They are encouraged to take responsibility for their acts and celebrate mistakes as well as triumphs. The culture of the firm and the dedication to the employees sees the airline through any obstacles and challenges (Singh, 2002). The recent soaring of fuel price has disturbed the airlines industry globally. Eight US airlines have gone out of business in less than a year, one is in bankruptcy and many others are

Ethnorelativism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethnorelativism - Essay Example By taking a step outside of this situation one has to place their culture and region in the same context as other cultures and religions. Ethnocentrism’s goal is to separate the world into two opposing factions for the different religions; that is, us against them. The practice of ethnocentrism in a country such as the United States, individual groups are either friend or foes to the cause; superiority of an individual group. In short, ethnocentrism expounds on social differences and scholars describe it as prejudice broadly conceived. A practical example is the â€Å"handling of international relations, creating conflicts and inhibiting resolution of conflicts†. When two groups are in conflict, each group will view the conflict from a subjective standpoint and view the opposing group as threatening. America being the melting point of cultures should be a neutral place where everyone is able to express their individual cultures. However, this is not usually the case, as some cultures are naturally perceived to be superior to others. As with individuals, every culture has its own unique characteristics that differentiate them from the rest. These differences, nevertheless, are the reason for cultural conflicts that exist in society. Despite ethnocentrism being a negative trait, each individual has the capability to propagate ethnocentrism. Booth states that self-pride, and to a large extent cultural pride, increases the tendency of individuals to assume that their cultures are superior to others (49).

Navigation v Conventional Techniques for Orthopaedic Surgery

Navigation v Conventional Techniques for Orthopaedic Surgery Bone Cutting, Soft Tissue Balancing; Cup Implant, Leg Length Discrepancy: Navigation vs. Conventional technique. Introduction In last decade, navigated implantation has become very popular and used in diverse areas of orthopaedic surgeries. This may be in total knee prosthesis, total hip arthroplasty and to restore leg discrepancies. All above surgeries require an accurate alignment of the implant, which is essential for implants long term survival. This is evident from the fact that in total knee replacement (TKR) surgeries proper bone cutting is necessary [1], total knee arthroplasty (TKA) requires correct soft tissue balancing [2], appropriate implantation of cup and stem in total hip arthroplasty (THA) [3], correcting leg discrepancies in total hip replacement (THR) [4]. Navigation system developed improves the reproducibility over conventional methods and assists surgeons with data for optimal position of implant to each individual patient. [2, 3] It was hypothesized that navigation assisted technique would result in achieving bone cut accuracy, better soft tissue balancing, good implant of cup and stem and enhanced joint reconstruction and control in leg length discrepancy as compared to conventionally used methods. Methods To test positioning time and bone cut accuracy in total knee replacement (TKR). Study involved 40 patients (23 females, 17 males) assigned randomly to TKR surgery using either conventional (n=20, mean patient age= 67.3 years) or Pivotal (n=20 mean patient age= 69.1 years) cutting blocks. Primary indication for surgical treatment was osteoarthritis (n=36), rheumatoid arthritis (n=3) and secondary posttraumatic gonarthrosis after tibial plateau fracture (n=1). All cases had posterior stabilized system with standard patellar component. The surgical approach used was medial parapatellar (n=8) or midvastus (n=32) approach. The implants used during the process were Scorpio PS (n=7), Scorpio Flex (n=20), Next Gen LPS (n=10) and LPS Flex Mobile bearing systems (n=4) fixed to bones by pins and screws. Accurate positioning was obtained by using navigation system. Block position was finalized by surgeon using this navigation system. Statistical differences in time and cut angles were measured by Mann-Whitney test (two-tailed; SPSS for Windows, Version 11.5). The significan ce level was set at p ≠¤0.05 for all analyses. [1] To test soft tissue balancing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The study included 120 patients [navigation assisted gap-balancing (n=60); conventional resection technique (n=60)], enrolled and randomized using computer-generated numbers. An inclusion criterion was substantial pain and loss of function due to osteoarthritis of knee, with any degree of genu varum deformity. An exclusion criterion was genu valgum deformity, earlier knee surgery that required removal of metallic implant, or revision of TKA. Four patients were lost to follow up and therefore excluded from study. All surgeries were done by single surgeon. Both patient groups showed no significant differences in terms of demographic characteristics, knee functions, preoperative hospital-for-special-surgery (HSS) scores and degree of preoperative deformity. Follow up period was minimum 24 months post-surgery (mean follow up = 28 months). Surgical technique was similar in all patients consisting of midline skin incision and a medial parapatellar approach. Gap measurement was done at full extension and at 90à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ of flexion on medial and lateral sides of knee joint and defined as medial extension gap (MEG), medial flexion gap (MFG), lateral extension gap (LEG), and lateral flexion gap (LFG).Clinical outcome assessment was measured by HSS and ranges of motion (ROM) scores at latest follow up. All patients went through pre and post-operative (3months after surgery) standing radiographic assessment of AP and lateral views of entire lower limb. Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U tests was used for comparison of four variables in study, postoperative post-operative mechanical axes, HSS scores, and ROMs, between the two groups. The chi-square test was used for comparison of proportion of outliers (trapezoidal gaps) in symmetric gap and mechanical axis. [2] To Test good implant of cup and stem in Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) The study involved 84 patients in two groups Navigated (42) Nonnavigated (42), with surgeries performed by investigator. Implant position was evaluated in post-operative anteroposterior radiography 2-3months after index surgery. Pelvic radiographs were taken in standing position of patient. Operated hip joints classified on basis of preoperative radiographs in three subgroups: Group 1: preoperative leg shortening (>5 mm); Group 2: preoperative leg length equality ( ±5 mm); Group 3: preoperative lengthening of the operated leg (>5 mm). Projected values for caput collum diaphysis (CCD) classified in three subgroups: 135 °. If any change in leg length was measured using distal line between teardrop figure and proximal corner of the lesser trochanter as an anatomical landmark. Scaling of pre and post-operative radiographs was distance between two teardrops and the head diameter of the hip replacement. Radiographic cup positions were measured for inclination with respect to teardrop line. All surgeries were done when patient was in 30 ° to 45 ° position. Any complication aroused during intraoperative and post operation was documented. General data (CCD angle, age, BMI) for both groups were compared as per Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric values and chi-square test for distribution of operated leg, gender and indication. [3] To Test enhanced joint reconstruction and control in leg length discrepancy Retrospective study involved 44 patients divided in two groups A (n=22; navigation/computer assisted THR) B (n=22; conventional free hand THR). Inclusion criteria involved patients with BMI 2 cm), or a major deformity of the femoral head or neck were excluded from study. Each patient in group A was matched in group B. This matching was done on basis of age (max difference +3 years), sex, arthritis level, preoperative diagnosis, and preoperative limb length discrepancy (max difference. + 0.3 cm). The length of involved limbs was less than or equal to that of the contralateral limb in all cases. The two groups were also compared according to hip function and number of postoperative dislocations. The same posterolateral approach was made to the hip joint in both groups, and the same prosthesis was used in all cases. The duration of surgery was documented. Digital radiographs (as per standardised protocol using same magnification) were used for pre and post-operative measurements of li mb length discrepancy and femoral offset. Radiographs were repeated if any mistake detected and these radiographs were assessed by independent radiologist blinded to original procedure. All episodes of hip dislocation were documented. At minimum follow-up of 3 months clinical outcome was evaluated using Harris Hip score. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS for Windows Release 11.0. Differences between two groups were measured using independent Students t-test or Mann-Whitney nonparametric test depending on the data distribution of the continuous variables. [4] Results Pivotal block consumed approximately half the time to adjust saw blade and perform proximal tibial and anterior and femoral resections as compared to conventional block. Statistically significant difference was observed in Pivotal and conventional blocks with respect to angular difference between instrument slots and resultant bone cuts in frontal plane. Also, Pivotal blocks eliminated angular differences >1à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢. [1] The mean intraoperative gap in conventional resection technique group for MFG (medial flexion gap) was significantly greater (24  ± 3 mm) than navigation assisted (NA) gap-balancing (22  ± 3 mm) (p = 0.028), but other three gaps (LFG, MEG, and LEG) did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.167, 0.693, and 0.471, respectively). Statistical significant difference was seen in terms of kind of gaps in both groups: NA group, 88% (53 knees) -rectangular gaps and 12% (7knees)-trapezoidal gaps. Whereas in conventional group 75% (42 knees) -rectangular gaps and 25% (14knees) had trapezoidal gaps. Greater difference in medial gap difference (MGD; MFG-MEG) outliers in conventional group (23%) than NA group (5%) (p = 0.025). No difference was noticed in average postoperative mechanical axis of lower limb between NA and conventional group (1à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢  ± 2à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ vs. 1à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢  ± 3à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢; p=0.558). Greater number of outliers were seen in m echanical axis (>183à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ or Statistical difference was noted in patient’s age at time THA, with p value slightly below 0.05. Significant difference was seen during radiologic analysis of cup position {Non-navigated: 53 °, SD 8.1; Navigated: 44 °, SD 5.6, p135 °. No implant related or navigation technology related complications and no joint dislocations in both groups were noted. [3] There was no statistically significant difference in patient demographics. In both groups preoperative limb length discrepancy, no significant differences were noted. (0.9 cm navigation/computer assisted THR vs. 1.1cm free hand/conventional THR). Mean surgical time was 102.6 min, comparatively longer in navigation/computer assisted THR than free hand/conventional THR (87.7 min) Statistically significant difference was seen in mean postoperative leg length discrepancy of 0.4 cm in navigation/computer assisted THR to that of 0.8 cm (free hand/conventional THR). There were no cases of postoperative cases with leg length discrepancy > 1.0 cm >2.0 cm for navigation/computer assisted THR. However, in 9% cases (2patients) postoperative cases with leg length discrepancy > 1.0 cm was noted and 3patients (13.6%) had postoperative over lengthening mean of 0.4 cm in Free hand/conventional THR group. Recreation of femoral offset better in navigation/computer assisted THR than free hand/conventio nal THR group. Preoperative and postoperative femoral offset difference less in navigation/computer assisted THR than free hand/conventional THR, which was statistically significant. No statistically significant differences in Harris Hip Score in both groups. [4] Discussion The comparison of patient groups in navigated and non-navigated techniques may be a possible method for obtaining useful information regarding various orthopaedic surgeries. In our studies long term survival of prosthesis can be improved by accurate positioning of implant. This can save time and improve accuracy of the procedure. Klima, 2008 showed pivotal blocks used during surgery improved bone cuts and reduced time for positioning and adjustment by nearly 50%. In addition, navigation technique used allowed initial positioning to be achieved in 5-10 seconds. Also, navigation system indicated that all patients were within 3à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ in frontal plane angular bone cut deviations of ideal mechanical axis. Conventional blocks used were found to be associated with some degree of motion during insertion of pins, but this was not the case with pivotal blocks. [1] Lee. et al, 2010 showed, soft tissue balance can be achieved by having equal extension and flexion gaps after bone cutting and no inclination between medial and lateral bony surfaces. Any error in bone cutting can affect overall postoperative mechanical alignment and quickening of wear process. In study it was found that use of navigation guided gap balancing technique improved in creating accuracy of rectangular space between bones as compared to conventional measured resection technique. Only 12% (7 of 60 patients) in navigation TKAs had outliers of >3mm either medially or laterally in extension gap or 90à ¡Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ flexion were seen as compared to conventional TKAs (25%) [14 of 56 patients]. As compared to earlier studies, this study had outliers of the medial and lateral compartments together. There was no significant gap differences (FGD, EGD, and LGD) in both navigation assisted and conventional groups, in spite of that navigation guided technique proved to be more reliabl e in attaining equal joint gaps as there were small proportion of outliers in that group. Significant difference was seen in medial gap difference (MGD) in two groups. There were limited outliers in MGD observed and moreover navigation technique can be easily reproduced as compared to conventional technique, so this prevents unnecessary any over release of medial soft tissue during TKA. In addition, navigation system helped surgeon in correcting any kind of deformed alignment. Clinical outcomes were similar to both groups even though navigation group showed more accurate gap balancing than conventional group. This can be attributed to the fact that relatively small amount of asymmetry in soft tissue balancing in conventional group. Also, both groups had relatively short term follow up and inaccurate scoring system. The study had several limitations: during gap measurement patella was in laterally everted position, which is not anatomically correct. Ligament balancing was not taken i n consideration. Gap measurements was done by surgeon who performed operation in the study, this may have led to bias. [2] In a study by Mainard, 2008 showed that comparing navigated and non-navigated techniques can lead to information about benefits and any improvement required for position of implant. In this study, there was a clear and significant improvement of acetabular cup positioning by use of THA navigation. In both methods average total limb lengthening of operated joint was below 10mm (9.2 mm Non-navigated, 8.5 mm Navigated ), i.e. below clinical relevance value and comparable to other studies (mean lengthening 7mm). Mean post-operative limb discrepancy is close to 5 mm (6.2mm Non-Navigated; 4.4mm Navigated) comparable to 3.9 mm in other study with patient pool of 420. This study however had several limitations: retrospective in nature; Measurements of implant position are less accurate than CT based measurements; Radiologic and ante-version taken in standing positions with anteroposterior radiographs (not to exceed deviation of 5 mm compared with CT); Limb length data of un-operated hip join t is small (+ 1.3 mm- navigated ; -1.3mm – nonnavigated); Cup position measurements unimproved as patients radiograph is not in standing position; No change in leg lengthening data using navigated or non-navigated technique. [3] In a study by Confalonieri, et al, 2008 showed that to resurface hip arthroplasty short stem prostheses is an attractive alternative option with same selected indications. In this study 22 patients in each group were match paired using same modular short stemmed femoral component. Strict criteria were adhered to achieve the match. At minimum follow up of 3 months after surgical intervention results showed computer navigation provided better results in correction of limb length discrepancy and restoring original offset. However, there were few limitations associated with the study: Retrospective; patients were not randomized; short follow up; small number of cases in each group (hence, no clinical difference detected and findings for improvement in dislocation risk). [4] Conclusion From above studies it can be concluded that given correct indications navigation guided technique is a minimally invasive surgical option and is significantly better than conventionally used technique in orthopaedic surgeries which proves our original hypothesis. Though it might take a little longer time but can give better and improved results in bone cutting, soft tissue balancing, acetabular implant and correction of limb length discrepancy and restoring original offset depending on patient anatomy. Further research in this area is still directed. References Klima S, Zeh A, Josten C; Comparison of operative time and accuracy using conventional fixed navigation cutting blocks and adjustable Pivotal TM cutting blocks; Computer Aided Surgery, July 2008; 13(4): 225–232. Lee DH; Park JH; Song DI; Padhy D; Jeong WK; Han SB; Accuracy of soft tissue balancing in TKA: comparison between navigation-assisted gap balancing and conventional measured resection; Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc (2010) 18:381–387. Mainard D, Navigated and Nonnavigated Total Hip Arthroplasty: Results of Two Consecutive Series Using a Cementless Straight Hip Stem; Orthopedics; Oct 2008; 31 (10); 22-26. Confalonieri N; Manzotti A; Montironi F; Pullen C; Leg Length Discrepancy, Dislocation Rate, and Offset in Total Hip Replacement Using a Short Modular Stem: Navigation vs Conventional Free-hand; Orthopedics; Oct 2008; 31 (10); 35-39. 1

Briefly comment on the communication research report Essay

With rapid advancement of new communication technologies, people currently can freely and actively express their own opinions in the new media. For example, the Internet has dramatically changed the ways in which some individuals receive news and information, this is very big different from the traditional forms of communication. However, there are some correlation links between traditional mass communication ways and modern new technology ways(Kotcher,1992;Rubin, 1994). Roberts M, Wanta, W and Dzwo, T (2002) examined one aspect of the Internet: electronic bulletin boards (EBBs). The objective of this study is to investigate if traditional news media sources have an agenda-setting impact on the discussions taking place on the EBBs. In other words, the purpose of the study is to examine the agenda-setting process and the role it may play on the Internet. The report’s dominant methodology is quantitative. As we know, it is a critical issue that appropriate methodology should be taken depending on different research topic. Quantitative approach and qualitative approach have their respective advantages and disadvantages (Fowler, 1993). Quantitative research, through surveys, gathers data about people’s knowledge, opinions, attitudes and behavior. Quantitative research approach is used to generate new knowledge for evidence-based practice. Attention will be given to the advantages and disadvantages of Quantitative research designs for large group research, the principles of reliability and validity, the value of descriptive and inferential statistics and the importance of ethical research conduct. For the topic, it belongs to sociology category, so I think the researchers have used appropriate research approach (quantitative research approach) even though the approach has some disadvantages. This is because quantitative research approach for this topic has the following advantages: Large members of people can be studies; the method is relatively quick and relatively cheap; the results are reliable, and representative of a much wider population than that directly investigated, the personal influence of the research on the results is slight and the data can easily be expressed in statistical form. This enables comparisons to be made between different groups and populations. For this study, the researchers use Internet, its main advantages are low/moderate cost to design; low cost to send; quick to analyse data; easy for respondent to complete and can attach brochures, images, etc. However, Every survey methodology has its weaknesses, and online surveys are no exception. – Not sure who is answering the survey. Like mail studies, it is difficult to insure the desired person actually answers the survey. – Not representative of the population. The Internet population has a slight bias towards younger, more computer literate users, though this is changing all the time and becoming more representative of the population. – Long surveys are more difficult. The personalities of today’s online users makes it difficult to coerce respondents into completing long surveys. – Not a â€Å"mainstream† research methodology, yet. With more experience and comparative analyses of online surveys versus mail and telephone results, online surveys should reach the same level of acceptance as other methodologies. For this research, the researchers use EBBs which has the above weaknesses too. For the research’s method, the researchers use five steps (Roberts, 2002, P456-458): The first step imperative examines whether traditional news media sources have an agenda-setting impact on the discussions taking place on the EBBs. They ask † Do individuals take issue information gained from news media and pass information about this issue online to other electronic bulletin board users? † The second step is selecting the sample. The third step deals with defining categories, time frames, coding units, and context units. The fourth step is content analysis and the final and fifth step of content analysis process is to analyze and interpret the data. The five steps are typical research method that is used by many researchers (McMillan, 2000) and they are very similar with the quantities analysis approach (the Scientific Method) which includes seven steps: Defining the problem; Developing a Model; Acquiring Input Data; Developing a Solution; Testing the Solution; Analyzing the Results and Implementing the Results (Render, 1982). The researchers use an ARIMA model cross-correlational test showed EBB discussions of three issues—immigration, health care, and taxes-correlated with news media coverage, with time lags varying from 1 day to 7 days. In my opinion, the method is appropriate method for the topic. This investigation looks for a more powerful effect than previous agenda-setting researchers. Because of the Internet’s dynamic characteristic of transmitting information from senders to receivers, researchers currently assume that our traditional theories of mass communication can directly apply to online communication (Wimmer, 1994). The researches have an accurate research questions or hypothesis that are: how will the new online communication forms affect the agenda-setting process? Can we assume that the transfer of salience still follows the original hypothesis? How does the condensed and compressed environment of online communication affect what we know about time frame effects? All these questions are explored in their study. By quantitative research, the researchers concluded: † The results demonstrate the usefulness of examining the rule the Internet plays in the agenda-setting process. Media coverage apparently can provide individuals with information to use in their Internet discussions. As the Internet continues to become an important source of information, it also will become an important area for mass communication researchers. † (Roberts, 2002, P464). The report also recommended† future research should link other mass communication theoretical approaches with Internet usage†. Despite the research has some definite problems; online research has many more advantages than disadvantages. When surveying populations, which mimic the demographics of online users, online research can be a primary means of information collection. With other populations, online research can be effective as a supplement to more traditional survey approaches or as a quick impression of your customers (much like qualitative approaches are used). For outlook, as the Internet continues to grow in popularity, investigations of the content of information being sent online similarly will increase in importance. The study takes an important step in linking the Internet to a mainstream mass communication theory. References Kotcher, R. L. (1992). The technological revolution has transformed crisis communication. Public Relations Quarterly, 37(3), 19-21. Rubin, R. , P. Palmgreen, and H. Sypher (1994 eds. ), Communication Research Measures: A Sourcebook, New York: Guilford. Roberts, et al (2002), Agenda setting and issue salience online. Communication Research, Vol. 29 No. 4, August 452-465. Fowler, Floyd J. , Jr (1993). Survey Research Methods, 2nd ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. McMillan, S. J. (2000). The microscope and the moving target: The challenge of applying content analysis to the World Wide Web. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 77, 80-98. Render, B and Stair, R. M (1982). Quantitative Analysis for Management ( The Second Edition). New York: Library of congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Wimmer, R. D. and J. R. Dominick (1994), Mass Media Research: An Introduction, 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Hiring a Plant Manager at Dynamo Industries Case Analysis Essay

As the plant is facing two major issues in terms of higher production cost and poor worker relations, the candidate should possess good interpersonal skills as well as knowledge on production processes and management techniques. It would definitely be an advantage if the candidate is promoted within the ranks as this sends good signal within the organization about opportunities for personal growth for the employees. My rank ordering of my top four choices for the Pittsburg job is George Martin, Kathy Joyce, Frank Hall and Jay Davis. George Martin is currently the plant manager for Dynamo. George well with handling stress and interpersonal skills but he did poorly on the ability to resolve conflict. Kathy Joyce is currently a plant manager for Dynamo. She has the experience in the job and the company. She scored well on all areas and in most they build her capability to meet the job description. She also scores well in approaching stress and ability to succeed as a manager. Her overal l interview ratings are good and her performance and her scores are not the highest. My third choice is Frank Hall. His scores on work samples were among the highest and he scored in the normal range for intelligence and high on handwriting. Frank’s interviewer skills were high. His personality profile concerns me because ability to manage stress is mandatory in management positions and he fall in the low area. Otherwise he is in the medium range for all other personality testing. He also has experience in the field and as a plant manager. My fourth choice would be Jay Davis who is an assistant plant manager and has experience in management through this position in both St. Paul and Atlanta. He scores well in most of the personality profiles but a major issue was interacting with others and it might be a problem for working with other work related conflicts. He scored highest in intelligence, which leads me to believe he can meet the standards of the job descriptions. He was the lowest in work sample scoring, but highest in promotability which is keeping him f rom being in the top position for the job. My changes would include dropping the handwriting. Another  suggestion is to explain what the purpose of the intelligence test is or stop using it. There should also be better explanation of the criteria of the interviews. The personality profile is excellent and putting more emphasis on this would be a good idea. Also, it would be better to have an idea why each of the people applied for the position and why they feel they can do the job. In Conclusion, Looking at the various rating and the interview scores, two candidates stand out on overall selection to be selected as Plant Manager George Martin and Kathy Joyce. However, I would prefer Kathy Joyce because other than the selection evaluation scores, she is an employee of the company already.

The Effect Of Stretching On Muscle Strength And Performance

Increased muscle strength and performance is sought after by athletes of almost every discipline, as well as others simply looking to increases their health and fitness. Stretch and flexibility is another area of fitness, one that is often neglected by most people. However, the effect of stretching on both muscle strength and performance is disputed by the relatively few studies that have actually been done on the topic. The results of the studies have ranged from concluding that stretching has a negative effect on strength on performance to concluding that it has no effect to even concluding that it can have a positive effect. Many factors play a role in muscle strength and performance so it is difficult to conclusively determine what is due to stretching and what is due to one of the other variable that come into play when exercising and training. Knowing the effect of stretching on muscle strength and performance would allow athletes and their trainers to develop more efficient an d productive training plans to help the athletes achieve a higher level of performance. Most people are under the impression that stretching lengthens muscles and that an increase in flexibility is due to an increase in the length of the muscle itself. This is not accurate. Flexibility is not achieved by having long muscles, but rather having to do with the length-tension relationship of the muscle (Magnusson 1998). There are several different theories for how stretching increases flexibility andShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Different Stretching Techniques On Myosin Actin1217 Words   |  5 Pages The Effects of Different Stretching Techniques on Myosin and Actin Fibers and How it Affects Athletic Performance Actin and myosin filaments can be found in skeletal muscle and are the smallest units that form a sarcomere, which is the smallest contractile unit in muscle (Baechle, 2008). The Sliding Filament Theory states that the actin filaments slide inward on the myosin filaments, pulling on the boundaries of the sarcomere, causing it to shorten the muscle fiber, also known as a concentric muscularRead MoreTypes Of Flexibility And Physical Activity1503 Words   |  7 PagesIs dynamic or static stretching more beneficial to flexibility? Flexibility is the range of motions in your joints. (Waehner) Dynamic stretching is more controlled movements. For example, leg and arm swings. Your goal with dynamic stretching is to bring the muscles as close to their range of motion as possible. (Stretches Definition, 2014) Static stretching consists of reaching an holding a stretch just beyond the normal range of motion. (Stretches Definition, 2014) Stretching is often used in sportsRead MoreThe Components Of Fitness And Fitness1464 Words   |  6 Pagesof both your physical and mental state can decrease your chances of injury or any specific type of bodily harm, and is determined by 5 important components. The five components of fitness are cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and body composition. The components of fitness are used in schools, gyms, and health clubs to measure how good your physical fitness is progressing and how in shape and healthy your body is. These five components are highly importantRead MorePersuasive Essay On Runners Choice1643 Words   |  7 Pageslose weight. It is an enjoyable way to exercise, and is a natural stress reliever. Running can change your lifestyle and force you to adapt to certain physically intense situations. This includes the body’s reaction to stress, and a variety of other effects that come with running regularly. Running has a plethora of health benefits that include a prolonged life an d immunity to various diseases. This activity is the fastest way to burn fat, and can be easy to perform if done correctly. Although runningRead MorePlyometric Training Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesa number of athletic performances. This training method is meant to be used with other power development methods in a complete training program to improve the relationship between maximum strength and explosive power (Radcliffe 1). In order to understand how plyometric training works or why it is so effective, one must understand what is meant by power. Power is similar to strength but with the time factor included, meaning speed. So power is relationship between strength and speed and dealsRead MoreEssay on Running and Over Training1428 Words   |  6 Pagesothers believe that moderation between both extremes can benefit your sport. Running may have a heavier toll on the body than any other sport, literally. With each stride, force of two to three times the bodies weight is hammered on the joint, muscles, and tendons. How much running is â€Å"too much† running? is there too much of a good thing? There is and it is most commonly referred to as over-training. Over training is by definition the imbalance between training and recovery.the conceptual theoryRead MoreEffects of Exercise to Muscles1711 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of exercise to muscles Jezreel E. Rodriguez Communication Arts II Professor Manlapig, B. May 22, 2012 â€Æ' Thesis statement: 54 percent of human body mass is muscles, and through regular exercise these muscles could be made healthier. I. Introduction II. Muscles and exercise a. Three types of muscles 1. Smooth muscle 2. Cardiac muscle 3. Skeletal muscle b. Benefits of exercise to muscles 1. Muscle Strength 2. Muscle Endurance 3. Muscle Size 4. MuscleRead MoreTennis Serve And Effective Warm Up Protocol2820 Words   |  12 Pagesmaximally executed skill involving many large muscle groups and because of its influenence on success, a lot of time is time is spent training it in coaching sessions. Therefore an effective warm-up protocol is essential for tennis to assist maximal muscular performance can be utilised and injury can be prevented. For this reason it is common practise for warm-ups to take place prior to training or matches (Bishop, 2003). Overall tennis performance is very much dependent on the serve. Tennis serveRead MoreHip Injury And Ulnar Collateral Ligament Essay909 Words   |  4 Pagesaffected can result compromising throwing form in biomechanics and may force the core muscles (abdominals, shoulders, and upper extremities) to compromising and work even harder. More importantly, the range of motion (ROM) maybe conceding excessively which results increasing potential risk of future injuries. The individual’s biomechanics in pitching or throwing must be monitor for muscular-endurance, strength, or power for speed and numbers of repetition when contributing towards velocity. StudyingRead MoreResearch design Experimental design Sample population Recreational male soccer players Sample1600 Words   |  7 PagesExperimental design Sample population Recreational male soccer players Sample size A total of forty subjects (n=40) were recruited. Sample size was calculated on the basis of previous researches by G power 3.1.5 software. Level of significance was kept 0.05, effect size of the study was 0.94 , with 80% power (1- á µ ). Sampling method Total numbers of recreational male soccer players were recruited by convenience sampling method for our study. Sources of subjects Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi Methods of selecting